1 · Area heat map
A geographic visualisation of selected indicators, in the style of the DOSM Kawasanku dashboard. Click any area to inspect it.
2 · State income distribution heat map
Household income at every percentile of the national distribution, by state. Each column is one percentile; darker means higher income. This shows how steeply income rises across the distribution in each state.
3 · Poverty by state
Absolute, hardcore and relative poverty incidence by state, 1970–2024 (DOSM Household Income & Expenditure Survey).
Sources & methodology
- Area indicators — DOSM OpenDOSM Household Income & Expenditure Survey: poverty by parliament, poverty by DUN, plus household income, income inequality (Gini) and expenditure at the same geographies. Raw files:
storage.dosm.gov.my/hies/. - Population — DOSM intercensal population estimates:
storage.dosm.gov.my/population/population_parlimen.csvandpopulation_dun.csv(2020 census base, cohort-component method). - State poverty series —
storage.dosm.gov.my/hies/hh_poverty_state.csv(1970–2024). - State income percentiles — DOSM HIES state percentile distribution, 2019 / 2022 / 2024, supplied as
HIES State Percentile.csv. - Boundary geometry — the official constituency and DUN boundaries published by DOSM in the kawasanku-front repository (
geojson/parlimen.json,geojson/dun.json). Simplified with Douglas–Peucker for web delivery; area, shape and topology are unchanged in substance. - Projection — the source geometry is already projected (north-up, east-right); coordinates are flipped for SVG and scaled to a 1063 × 1037 viewBox. No re-projection is applied, so areas are true to the DOSM source.
- Colour scales — sequential, scaled across all areas in the current level (not just the filtered state), so the colour of an area is comparable everywhere on the map. Poverty uses a red ramp; every other indicator a blue ramp.
- Caveats — poverty rates and income come from HIES sample-based estimates, not administrative counts; hardcore poverty and relative poverty are not published at constituency or DUN level; 15 federal-territory constituencies are not subdivided into DUNs, so 13 DUN geometry features have no DUN indicator data. The heat map does not imply causation between indicators.
- Licence — all DOSM data and boundaries are published under CC BY 4.0.